This is always a big question. "Once I submit the application, how long until I come to Canada?" The answer varies from country to country, application to application - a range of anywhere from months to years.  (And if you read in Dari:  جدول زمانی برای حمایت خصوصی - though note we need to update this with 2025 timelines)

Each country has a slightly unique process, and follows its own schedule.  According to RSTP, the wait times listed on the typical wait times website are an indication of what 80% of refugees experienced in the past 6 months. And times change, as Canadian immigration clears the backlog of old cases, or gets a wave of new cases.

The good news is, you'll get an email to indicate each new stage of the process. And both the sponsors and the refugee will get that email. So there's not really much point in obsessively checking the 'Check application status' website (once you have your G number) to see if there's any update. There's also an immigration website where you can check the status of your application - or add new forms. There's also a phone number where you can make enquiries: 613-321-4243. But try not to abuse it with questions you can find through an online search - or by reading this guide.

Below is a timeline based on recent applications. Remember, it's a very rough schedule and it mostly represents timelines for people in Indonesia. It's an average,  and not true for each person. If your friends are moving faster through the process, remember there are probably just as many friends who are moving slower - they're just not telling you, because they have no news to share.

With all that said, let's consider a typical timeline.

Month 1: Application submitted

Hurray!!! That was a lot of work and you should feel proud of yourself and your hard-working sponsor team for making it this far.

Month 1-12: The long, boring wait

At this point comes a long wait, where nothing much happens. 

If you're the refugee, you could spend this time worrying or driving your sponsors crazy by asking them when you'll get an update. OR you can spend this time wisely by getting ready to come to Canada. Some good and helpful things you can do while you wait:

• Get to know your sponsor team better - you will be very close to them when you arrive.

• Learn about Canada!

• Brush up on English!

• Pursue online education!

Your sponsors can be a big help during this time, by hosting weekly online chats to practise English and get to know Canada and each other.

So much better than worrying. Remember, if you have a sponsorship to Canada, you are definitely one of the lucky ones. So enjoy the ride!

Month 12-18: G number (also called AOR)

If you're applying through a group of five or community sponsorship,, the sponsors and refugees will receive an email from immigration that provides you with a G number, a year or so after submitting your application. (Sponsorship agreement holders or SAHs tend to get it much faster, within a month or so after submission, though total processing times from application to flight end up being about the same). 

In 2025, Immigration also started referring to the G number as the AOR, or acknowledgement of receipt. This is a little confusing because the auto-reply that Immigration sends the moment you submit an application is also a kind of AOR.

What is the G number? It's a tracking or file number, and receiving it establishes that your file is in the system, and there is not anything glaringly wrong or missing. If there is something missing, you instead will get an email with an "XG" number, accompanied by a message about what you have to fix to get the full G number. You usually have 30 days to fix it or supply what's missing.

This extra step, called "Pre-Return Information",  sounds disheartening, but it's actually a good thing. Prior to March 2021, Immigration used to just reject the application entirely if they found something in error, and you'd have to redo your documents (with new dates on them) and submit all over again. Thanks to some very helpful lobbying by RSTP, Immigration now gives you a chance to correct the problem.

Once you have a G number you can check the status of your application on this immigration website.  Note, however, that this tracking website provides the bare bare minimum of information, and months can go by without anything happening on it. Also, any update will be sent to the sponsors and/or refugee by email, so there's little point in checking the website, as some refugees do, in the hope of seeing new information.

Month 20-24: 'Sponsorship approval'

The next email that the sponsors and refugees from immigration is to indicate you have earned 'sponsor approval'. This means that immigration has looked closely at your application and found everything to be in good shape - specifically with regard to the sponsor and funding documents.

This milestone is in some ways a bigger deal than getting a G number, since when applications run into trouble, it's usually at this stage - because there was a police check that was expired at the time of submission, or not enough funds in the trust account, or some other problem. (Once again, SAHs tend to get 'sponsor approval much faster, within a few months of submission, but that's because they have done a LOT of paperwork in the past to show they are capable and worthy of carrying the weight of private sponsorship). 

'Sponsor approval' also means your file is now being sent from the immigration office in Ottawa to the overseas embassy.

Month 21-26: Another boring wait

See month 1-14 on more of this and how to spend the time wisely.

Here's a guide for the process by AURA, the SAH. You can also view the chart online.

Month 26: Request to update the application documents and submit a few new ones.

If you're required to do an embassy interview, these documents are required to give the interviewer information to quiz you on in the interview. If you're not required to do an interview, these documents largely take the place of it. All the information is the same as on your Schedule A and 2, but updated - and you're now asked for all your social media accounts as well. 

NOTE: These documents are usually emailed only to the refugee, so refugees: check your emails!

• IMM5406 - Additional family information. This is all the same 'additional family information' found on Schedule 2

• Authority to Disclose Personal Information and Solemn Declaration - you need to add your name and sign this electronically

• Schedule A, updated. So a new dates in the signature area and in Question 7 and 12

• Supplementary information form - travel history and active social networks. Travel history repeats what's on Schedule A, Question 11, and 'active social networks' - the only new information on any of these, really, shows your WhatsApp number and social media accounts. 

And in some countries:

• Military experience/history

Note: these documents all have file size limits and need to be sent electronically, so if you don't have a computer, ask help from someone who does. That's probably a sponsor or the same person who wrote your application in the first place.

Month 28: An email to invite you to the embassy interview - and the interview

Most people need to be interviewed before being accepted to come to Canada. This is done at a Canadian embassy in some countries. In others, like Indonesia, it's done at a hotel (!). 

Between 2021 and 2025, most Hazara Afghans didn't need to do an interview, but nowadays they do again.

The invitation comes in the form of an email with a PDF attachment that explains when and where the interview will take place. This email is sent to the refugee, as well as their 'lead' sponsor and the Use of Representative person, if there is one. The interview is usually booked 2 weeks after the email arrives.

In the past, the invitation took the form of a phone call. Keep your phone number active in case they do decide to call.

Here's some tips on how to do a successful interview. 

Month 30: Medical and biometric documents

In the next few weeks, you'll get a flurry of new PDFs. They are basically unofficial proof that you're coming to Canada. Note that sometimes you get these documents sent to you before being asked to send the documents listed in the step above, sometimes after. In any case, these documents include: 

• IMM5756, which is your invitation to do biometric. In that PDF is a link where you book your own appointment. This is the link. 

• IMM5801 - Pre-arrival services. This one is kind of useless and nothing is required of you. Here's the link of these services.

• IMM1017 - Medical examination instructions. This email comes about 14-16 days after they actually book you for a medical appointment and tell you where and when to go. And the appointment will happen soon after - you get about 2 days' notice.

• IMM5695 - IFHP: This is your interim federal healthcare healthcare paper. You need it to get the medical test for free. It also gives you extra medical coverage in Canada

Note: in the biometric latter there are two different numbers that you need to paste into the online form for booking an appointment. That means you need the letter to book the appointment. 

Month 31: Medical check and biometrics appointments

Now that you have your biometric and medical test invitation, it's time to get those done. If you're in a major city like Jakarta, you'll get it done faster, since it's easier to go to the office where they're administered. If not, you may need to wait a full month for the national Immigration authorities and the IOM to fly you to that city to get the tests done.

Also, you should print copies of the biometric form, medical and IFHP,  if you live in Jakarta. If you live outside Jakarta, the IOM will print them for you. You need  printed versions of these forms to do both your medical and biometric.

If you're scared of the medical, don't worry. It's very hard to 'fail' it, even with some serious conditions. The only risk is if you have a communicable disease, like tuberculosis. And some people have had their files delayed because they had scars of long-ago cases of tuberculosis on their lungs. It's ok to be HIV positive though.

Month 31-34: Security check and vaccinations

You're going to need four rounds of vaccinations, so this can take a few months.

This waiting period is also when the security check takes place. It happens behind the scenes, so there's nothing the sponsors or the refugees need to do. In fact, you won't even know it's happening. In the final months of your process, your case is sent to a company to make sure there are no big, bad secrets hiding in your past. Fighting in a war might be a deal breaker, especially if you didn't mention military service on your application. 

The security check phase is something of a mysterious black box, since it's outside the hands of the embassy or immigration - it's handled by private contractors - and can take any amount of time. Three months is normal.  

Note that if you had an embassy interview, the security check typically takes place right after it (except in some countries, like Ghana, where it occurs before the interview). If immigration has suspicions about your case, or if you had a bad embassy interview, the security check phase can drag on and on. After two years, it's time to hire a lawyer. 

But you will know if you had a bad embassy interview, since the visa officer will likely be outright hostile, or indicate he or she doesn't really believe your story. So that will give you the head's up that you may be headed toward a loooooong security check phase.

Month 34: Visa approval

This is step really just started happening in 2023. It's an email to basically state that they're preparing your flight for you. It's sent to the 'main sponsor' rather than the rest of the sponsor team, or the use of representative person - or even the person being sponsored, for some reason. This is the key message in the text: 

STATUS UPDATE:  NOTICE OF VISA APPROVAL. 

A permanent resident visa has now been issued for the above mentioned principal applicant and their accompanying family members. A request has been sent to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to proceed with final resettlement arrangements. This includes contacting and enrolling the applicants in the Canadian Orientation Abroad (COA) program as applicable, assisting with any exit permit procedures, and booking travel. It is estimated that these applicants will arrive in Canada within seven to twelve weeks of the date of this notice.

Month 35: Flight booking

About a month after the visa approval email, you'll get another email with your flight details. It's sent to the refugee and the sponsors, and the flight is usually booked about 4-5 weeks after the email arrives

Month 36: Orientation

Soon before you fly to Canada, you'll be invited to a hotel in the capital city of the country where you're living. The IOM also arranges you to bring you to the hotel for this orientation (arranging transportation and even flights, if you're on a different island than the capital city).

During those three days, you'll be taught all about Canada, the history and culture in this country, and get the first of your Canadian paperwork. This Orientation occurs a few weeks before the flight, in places like Indonesia, or immediately before flying in Turkey, for example.

Either way, this is the last stage before you come to Canada. Enjoy it.

Month 37: Fly to Canada

After the hotel stay, the IOM gets you on your flight to Canada. Your flight is financed through a loan from the Canadian government, which you will have to start repaying in instalments after you've been in Canada for one year. And no, it's not a good idea to book your own flight (to save money or time) because that puts you out of the protection of the IOM, which you will definitely need as a semi-stateless person. The risk of going it alone includes being thrown into an airport prison during a connecting stop.

Also, as part of this process, you're given important papers, like the first (paper-based) version of your permanent residence ID for Canada, a temporary heath plan, and so on. The IOM is there to bring you to Canada safely, and they will be with you every step of the way, until your sponsors greet you at the airport and sign another paper to release you into their care. 

Which is good! That's what private sponsorship is all about. Enjoy the process, knowing that you are finally on your way to somewhere safe, where you can build a future, and where you'll have your sponsor team to help you each step of the way - for your first year, and if you get along, maybe longer.

In Conclusion

The wait to Canada can take longer than what's described here, or it may come faster. The key thing is not to stress about it, but spend that time wisely, by preparing for the future ahead.